Founded in 1959, OppenheimerFunds was an asset management firm serving financial advisors, individual investors and institutions, which specialized in equity, fixed income, alternative, multi-asset, and factor and revenue-weighted-ETF strategies. On May 24, 2019, Invesco Ltd. and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (MassMutual) announced the successful completion of Invesco's acquisition of OppenheimerFunds from MassMutual: http://bit.ly/31SJpCq Invesco delivers tailored insights and outcome-oriented solutions for an investment experience that helps you get more out of life. Let’s invest in greater possibilities together. For disclosure, visit invesco.com/socialmedia. BEFORE INVESTING, INVESTORS SHOULD CAREFULLY READ THE PROSPECTUS AND/OR SUMMARY PROSPECTUS AND CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, RISKS, CHARGES AND EXPENSES. FOR THIS AND MORE COMPLETE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND(S), INVESTORS SHOULD ASK THEIR ADVISORS FOR A PROSPECTUS/SUMMARY PROSPECTUS OR VISIT INVESCO.COM/FUNDPROSPCTUS. Invesco Advisers, Inc. is an investment advisor and does not sell securities. Invesco Distributors, Inc. is a U.S. distributor for retail products. Each entity is a wholly owned, indirect subsidiary of Invesco Ltd.